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One variation on the Bayer filter is the RGBE filter of the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828, which exchanged the green in the RG rows with " emerald" Ĭolor). The camera's sensor is almost invariably overlaid with a color filter array (CFA), usually a Bayer filter, consisting of a mosaic of a 2x2 matrix of red, green, blue and (second) green filters.

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Raw files thus contain the full resolution (typically 12- or 14-bit) data as read out from each of the camera's image sensor pixels. In digital photography, the raw file plays the role that photographic film plays in film photography.

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The same holds for Canon's DPP application, at least for all more expensive cameras like all EOS DSLRs and the G series of compact cameras.ĭNG, the Adobe digital negative format, is an extension of the TIFF 6.0 format and is compatible with TIFF/EP, and uses various open formats and/or standards, including Exif metadata, XMP metadata, IPTC metadata, CIE XYZ coordinates, ICC profiles, and JPEG.

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Phase One's raw converter Capture One also offers corrections for geometrical distortion, chromatic aberration, purple fringing and keystone correction emulating the shift capability of tilt-shift in software and specially designed hardware, on most raw files from over 100 different cameras. Panasonic's raw converter corrects geometric distortion and chromatic aberration on such cameras as the LX3, with necessary correction information presumably included in the raw. These files may deviate from the TIFF standard in a number of ways, including the use of a non-standard file header, the inclusion of additional image tags and the encryption of some of the tagged data. Many raw file formats, including IIQ ( Phase One), 3FR ( Hasselblad), DCR, K25, KDC ( Kodak), CRW CR2 CR3 ( Canon), ERF ( Epson), MEF ( Mamiya), MOS ( Leaf), NEF NRW ( Nikon), ORF ( Olympus), PEF ( Pentax), RW2 ( Panasonic) and ARW, SRF, SR2 ( Sony), are based on the TIFF file format. This item allows the file to be ordered in a frame sequence (without relying on its filename). In the case of motion picture film scans, either the timecode, keycode or frame number in the file sequence which represents the frame sequence in a scanned reel.

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Most raw files contain a full size JPEG conversion of the image, which is used to preview the file on the camera's LCD panel.

Some raw files contain a standardized metadata section with data in Exif format. These include the exposure settings, camera/scanner/lens model, date (and, optionally, place) of shoot/scan, authoring information and other.

Image metadata which can be useful for inclusion in any CMS environment or database.

Camera sensor metadata which is required to interpret the sensor image data, including the size of the sensor, the attributes of the CFA and its color profile.

A short file header which typically contains an indicator of the byte-ordering of the file, a file identifier and an offset into the main file data.

The structure of raw files often follows a common pattern: Raw files contain the information required to produce a viewable image from the camera's sensor data. Most raw image file formats store information sensed according to the geometry of the sensor's individual photo-receptive elements (sometimes called pixels) rather than points in the expected final image: sensors with hexagonal element displacement, for example, record information for each of their hexagonally-displaced cells, which a decoding software will eventually transform into the rectangular geometry during "digital developing".

Raw image formats are intended to capture the radiometric characteristics of the scene, that is, physical information about the light intensity and color of the scene, at the best of the camera sensor's performance. The purpose of raw image formats is to save, with minimum loss of information, data obtained from the sensor. Unlike physical film after development, the Raw file preserves the information captured at the time of exposure. Like undeveloped photographic film, a raw digital image may have a wider dynamic range or color gamut than the developed film or print.

(With exposed film, development is a single event that physically transforms the unexposed film irreversibly.) Rather, the Raw datasets are more like exposed but undeveloped film which can be converted (electronically developed) in a non-destructive manner multiple times in observable, reversible steps to reach a visually desired image. Raw image files are sometimes incorrectly described as "digital negatives", but neither are they negatives nor do the unprocessed files constitute visible images. 5 Raw filename extensions and respective camera manufacturers or standard.

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4.1.2.3 Windows Imaging Component (WIC).